GROUP TASK
Mindmap on Persuasive Speech
Types of Persuasive Speech
Types of Persuasive Speech
Different types of speech ought to have different purposes when they are delivered by the speaker. Persuasive speech is one of the most common speeches used by speakers, particularly in convening and persuading the audience in agreement with his or her arguments. Obviously, we cannot give a speech with a bare opinion. It is necessary for us to prove our case with logic and facts in order to establish your credibility as a speaker. In fact, three types of preposition can be identified in general under persuasive speeches, namely: proposition of fact, proposition of value, and proposition of policy.
Proposition of fact
We tend to utilise the proposition of fact most of the time when we are trying to claim something is either true or false. One of the examples is that "the supreme law in Malaysia is the Federal Constitution", as this statement is supported by the legal authority as well as the written law in Malaysia, which can be found in books as well as online resources and is not made with no basis.
Proposition of Value
The proposition of value concerns the speaker’s or writer’s sense of right and wrong. Most of the time, the speaker or writer is making judgments on certain subject matters pertaining to moral, aesthetic, and philosophical topics. It is noteworthy that propositions of value are shown to be desirable or undesirable. One of the topics that portray the preposition of value is "Whether the death penalty should be abolised". People might be arguing that the death penalty should be abolished. At the same time, others might be arguing that it should not be abolished for the public interest.
Proposition of Policy
A proposition of policy is one that includes a statement calling for an action. It is generally used to determine whether such an action would be desirable or undesirable. In this instance, the values will then lead to the policy and not vice versa. For instance, the topic uses the proposition of value: "Because the social conditions that gave rise to current marijuana legislation no longer exist and because of the potential medical and financial benefits of its decriminalisation, lawmakers should reconsider the legal status of cannabis.
Different types of speech ought to have different purposes when they are delivered by the speaker. Persuasive speech is one of the most common speeches used by speakers, particularly in convening and persuading the audience in agreement with his or her arguments. Obviously, we cannot give a speech with a bare opinion. It is necessary for us to prove our case with logic and facts in order to establish your credibility as a speaker. In fact, three types of preposition can be identified in general under persuasive speeches, namely: proposition of fact, proposition of value, and proposition of policy.
Proposition of fact
We tend to utilise the proposition of fact most of the time when we are trying to claim something is either true or false. One of the examples is that "the supreme law in Malaysia is the Federal Constitution", as this statement is supported by the legal authority as well as the written law in Malaysia, which can be found in books as well as online resources and is not made with no basis.
Proposition of Value
The proposition of value concerns the speaker’s or writer’s sense of right and wrong. Most of the time, the speaker or writer is making judgments on certain subject matters pertaining to moral, aesthetic, and philosophical topics. It is noteworthy that propositions of value are shown to be desirable or undesirable. One of the topics that portray the preposition of value is "Whether the death penalty should be abolised". People might be arguing that the death penalty should be abolished. At the same time, others might be arguing that it should not be abolished for the public interest.
Proposition of Policy
A proposition of policy is one that includes a statement calling for an action. It is generally used to determine whether such an action would be desirable or undesirable. In this instance, the values will then lead to the policy and not vice versa. For instance, the topic uses the proposition of value: "Because the social conditions that gave rise to current marijuana legislation no longer exist and because of the potential medical and financial benefits of its decriminalisation, lawmakers should reconsider the legal status of cannabis.
Task And Discussion: Joko Widodo's Speech
1. TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES USE
The techniques used in the speech given by Indonesian President Joko Widodo are:
2. AUDIENCE, TIME, PLACE, MOTIVE (PURPOSE), SIGNALS (VERBAL OR NO VERBAL)
Audience: President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo’s supporter
Time: 15 July 2019
Place: Sentul International Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor, West Java.
Motive: President reelection
Signals: verbal
3. IMPACT UPON AUDIENCE
The main impact is to adopt changes. These include the development of infrastructure, the development of human resources, the quality of education, taking initiative to support talented members of the diaspora, inviting investment, bureaucracy reformation and so on. They would become realities and no longer dreams only if all of us are united, being optimistic and confident. The nation and its citizens are urged to be united and cooperate with each other, in order to make necessary changes to the existing system, the society and also the country. It is a crucial step towards a better tomorrow for all. To the audience, they should have known the need to change following the transformation of generations and the importance of union as well as how working together values a nation’s future.
The techniques used in the speech given by Indonesian President Joko Widodo are:
- First, a technique of inclusive and exclusive language. President Jokowi used the word “we” and “our” in his speech because he wanted Indonesians to unite for the sake of the country.
- Next, President Jokowi also used generalisation techniques. For example, as he said in his speech, “We have to be optimistic towards the future! We have to be confident and brave in facing the challenge of global competition. We have to believe that we can be one of the strongest countries in the world.” This speech shows that President Jokowi is addressed to all Indonesians.
- In addition, he also uses formal language techniques, he said, “National unity is the main thing binding us in achieving advancement. We have to continually strengthen our unity and brotherhood. Only by uniting can we become a strong and internationally respected country. The ideology of Pancasila is the only national ideology and every citizen has to be a part of it.” So, with that, the audiences will easily understand what he said and take seriously what he said.
- Furthermore, the use of repetition techniques is also present in President Jokowi’s speech. For example, “This is not about me, or you. And not about us, or them. Not about West or East, or South or North. Now is not the time to think about all that. It is the time to think about our nation as a whole. Don't ever hesitate to move forward because we are capable if we are united!” This is to ensure that the point of view being stays in an audience’s mind.
- Ethos – Dynamism: this is said so because President Jokowi delivered his speech with great energy. He was very charismatic in convincing the audience that what he said was true and worth following.
- Pathos – President Jokowi uses emotion during his speech because that can make the audience confident in him. He desperately needs the attention of the audience in an emotional way to call on all Indonesians to unite for the sake of the country and implement change for the sake of the country.
2. AUDIENCE, TIME, PLACE, MOTIVE (PURPOSE), SIGNALS (VERBAL OR NO VERBAL)
Audience: President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo’s supporter
Time: 15 July 2019
Place: Sentul International Sentul International Convention Center in Bogor, West Java.
Motive: President reelection
Signals: verbal
3. IMPACT UPON AUDIENCE
The main impact is to adopt changes. These include the development of infrastructure, the development of human resources, the quality of education, taking initiative to support talented members of the diaspora, inviting investment, bureaucracy reformation and so on. They would become realities and no longer dreams only if all of us are united, being optimistic and confident. The nation and its citizens are urged to be united and cooperate with each other, in order to make necessary changes to the existing system, the society and also the country. It is a crucial step towards a better tomorrow for all. To the audience, they should have known the need to change following the transformation of generations and the importance of union as well as how working together values a nation’s future.
Translations of the Raya Song
Selamat Hari Raya by Saloma
Happy Eid-ul-Fitr
To all my brothers and sisters
Once a year
We celebrate this glorious day
During the month of Ramadan
We've spent a whole month fasting
When Shawwal come
We joyfully celebrate Hari Raya
The rich and poor all wear colourful clothes
To go out to visit their family and relatives
What a wonderful sight during Hari Raya
Both young and old looking charming.
Let's have fun
Together enjoying Hari Raya
Ask mom for a piece of kuih
I'm hungry and would like to eat
Happy Eid-ul-Fitr
To all my brothers and sisters
Once a year
We celebrate this glorious day
During the month of Ramadan
We've spent a whole month fasting
When Shawwal come
We joyfully celebrate Hari Raya
Please forgive any wrongful words
I hope you don't take it to heart
I pray that you have a long life and are prosperous
May God bless you.
Happy Hari Raya
A joyful for all
We wish you well
For all of us until the next year
Happy Hari Raya
Happy Eid-ul-Fitr
To all my brothers and sisters
Once a year
We celebrate this glorious day
During the month of Ramadan
We've spent a whole month fasting
When Shawwal come
We joyfully celebrate Hari Raya
The rich and poor all wear colourful clothes
To go out to visit their family and relatives
What a wonderful sight during Hari Raya
Both young and old looking charming.
Let's have fun
Together enjoying Hari Raya
Ask mom for a piece of kuih
I'm hungry and would like to eat
Happy Eid-ul-Fitr
To all my brothers and sisters
Once a year
We celebrate this glorious day
During the month of Ramadan
We've spent a whole month fasting
When Shawwal come
We joyfully celebrate Hari Raya
Please forgive any wrongful words
I hope you don't take it to heart
I pray that you have a long life and are prosperous
May God bless you.
Happy Hari Raya
A joyful for all
We wish you well
For all of us until the next year
Happy Hari Raya
Farewell Speech
Time passes, and here we are for the last time this semester in public speaking class. Who knows, maybe the first time we meet each other will be the last time we meet. Due to the pandemic, the mode of learning for the previous semester was changed to virtual, and we are thankful to be together here physically for our last class. I am ecstatic to be standing here to deliver a short and lovely farewell address to remind you of some of the great experiences we had during our public speaking sessions, which will undoubtedly serve as keepsakes for all of us.
Do you all recall the very first day of class? We are still strangers to one another, and whenever the speaker asks us a question, we hesitate to respond. It seems like only yesterday that we had our first public speaking class. As its name suggests, "public speaking" sounds like a very theoretical foundation without a sense of enjoyment, and I suppose that most of us may have viewed it as dry and tedious prior to our first lesson. However, the classes throughout the semesters are vastly different from what we imagined when we first attended public speaking.
We can still remember, everytime the class starts, our lovely Madam would greet us and ask about our situations, whether we all are doing well in both studies as well as our campus life. She’s always caring about us and worried that we might face some hardships. She told us that even though there might be some difficulties or emotional times, they will disappear one day at the time we manage to overcome them. Thus, we understand that no matter how, we should always be strong and calm while encountering problems. Even if our day has been like a hurricane, all we can do is to marshal our thoughts, work things out, and look forward to the rainbow that follows, as there will always be a rainbow after raining.
We have learned different types of speech, such as inaugural speech, informative speech and persuasive speech, throughout our public speaking classes. Madam taught us to write a complete speech step by step with full of effort. Madam also makes our class full of fun and memorable. Madam always requires us to do small activities with teammates, such as analyzing a speech, explaining the different types of speech, translating a Malay Raya song, and recommending movies to our classmates. Every activity is fun and has increased our bonding with ourselves.
Dear friends, classmates and teachers, this is a day worth celebrating. Let's make this farewell the best farewell for our last class. When we say goodbye, maybe some tears will be shed and some smiles will be shared. For the rest of your lives, you will enjoy this moment forever.
Do you all recall the very first day of class? We are still strangers to one another, and whenever the speaker asks us a question, we hesitate to respond. It seems like only yesterday that we had our first public speaking class. As its name suggests, "public speaking" sounds like a very theoretical foundation without a sense of enjoyment, and I suppose that most of us may have viewed it as dry and tedious prior to our first lesson. However, the classes throughout the semesters are vastly different from what we imagined when we first attended public speaking.
We can still remember, everytime the class starts, our lovely Madam would greet us and ask about our situations, whether we all are doing well in both studies as well as our campus life. She’s always caring about us and worried that we might face some hardships. She told us that even though there might be some difficulties or emotional times, they will disappear one day at the time we manage to overcome them. Thus, we understand that no matter how, we should always be strong and calm while encountering problems. Even if our day has been like a hurricane, all we can do is to marshal our thoughts, work things out, and look forward to the rainbow that follows, as there will always be a rainbow after raining.
We have learned different types of speech, such as inaugural speech, informative speech and persuasive speech, throughout our public speaking classes. Madam taught us to write a complete speech step by step with full of effort. Madam also makes our class full of fun and memorable. Madam always requires us to do small activities with teammates, such as analyzing a speech, explaining the different types of speech, translating a Malay Raya song, and recommending movies to our classmates. Every activity is fun and has increased our bonding with ourselves.
Dear friends, classmates and teachers, this is a day worth celebrating. Let's make this farewell the best farewell for our last class. When we say goodbye, maybe some tears will be shed and some smiles will be shared. For the rest of your lives, you will enjoy this moment forever.